PHNOM PENH, Cambodia — Making history twice within hours,
President Barack Obama on Monday became the first U.S. president to set
foot in Cambodia, a country once known for its Khmer Rouge "killing
fields." He left behind flag-waving crowds on the streets of Myanmar,
the once internationally shunned nation now showing democratic promise.
Unlike the visit to Myanmar, where Obama seemed to revel in that
nation's new hope, the White House made clear that Obama is only in
Cambodia to attend an East Asia Summit and said the visit should not be
seen as an endorsement of Prime Minister Hun Sen and his government.
Indeed, Obama's arrival in Cambodia lacked the euphoria of
his greeting in Myanmar, where tens of thousands of people lined the
streets of Yangon to cheer the first American president to visit a
country that until recently had long been isolated from the West. "You
gave us hope," Obama declared in Yangon.
In Phnom Penh, small clusters of Cambodians gathered in the streets
to watch the motorcade pass by, without any of the outpouring that
greeted Obama in Myanmar.
From the airport, Obama headed straight to the Peace Palace for a
meeting with Hun Sen that later was described by U.S. officials as a
tense encounter dominated by the president voicing concerns about
Cambodia's human rights record. He specifically raised the lack of free
and fair elections, the detention of political prisoners and land
seizures, officials said.
Deputy national security adviser Ben Rhodes said Obama told the prime
minister that those issues are "an impediment" to a deeper relationship
between the U.S. and Cambodia. Rhodes said Hun Sen defended his
country's record, saying unique circumstances motivate its policies and
practices. Still, the prime minister expressed a desire to deepen ties
with the U.S., Rhodes said.
Earlier in Myanmar, Obama addressed a national audience from the
University of Yangon, offering a "hand of friendship" and a lasting U.S.
commitment, yet a warning, too. He said the new civilian government
must nurture democracy or watch it, and U.S. support, disappear.
The six-hour stop in Myanmar was the centerpiece of a four-day trip
to Southeast Asia that began in Bangkok and ends Tuesday in Cambodia,
where Obama will visit with Chinese, Japanese and Southeast Asia leaders
in addition to attending the East Asia Summit with regional leaders.
Obama celebrated the history of what he was witnessing in Myanmar – a
nation shedding years of military rule, and a relationship between two
nations changing fast.
"This remarkable journey has just begun," he said.
In a notable detour from U.S. policy, the president referred to the
nation as Myanmar in his talks with President Thein Sein. That is the
name preferred by the former military regime and the new government,
rather than Burma, the old name favored by democracy advocates and the
U.S. government.
Rhodes said afterward that Obama's use of Myanmar was "a diplomatic
courtesy" that doesn't change the U.S. position that the country is
still Burma.
On his first trip abroad since his re-election earlier this month,
Obama's motorcade sped him to the lakeside home in Yangon of longtime
opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi. He hugged her and lauded her as a
personal inspiration. Suu Kyi spent most of the past 20 years in house
detention at her home.
In remarks after their meeting, Suu Kyi echoed Obama's tone with an
admonition of her own, one that could have been directed at her own
ruling party as much as to the United States:
"The most difficult time in any transition is when we think that
success is in sight," she said. "Then we have to be very careful that
we're not lured by the mirage of success."
Rhodes said Obama was moved the visit with Suu Kyi at her home, and
was pleased to see on prominent display a stuffed replica of the
president's dog Bo in the house. Obama gave Suu Kyi the stuffed animal
when she visited Washington earlier this year.
Crowds swelled at every intersection in Yangon, yelling
affectionately for both Obama and his secretary of state, Hillary Rodham
Clinton.
"You are the legend hero of our world," one banner read.
Obama spoke at a university that was once the center of government
opposition, and his message was as much a call for Myanmar to continue
in its promising steps as it was a tribute to democracy in general. He
held up the United States as an example of its triumph and its
imperfections.
Coinciding with the president's visit, the government of Myanmar
announced further human rights steps to review prisoner cases and
de-escalate conflicts in ethnic regions of the country.
But Obama urged even more, calling for a government where, as he put it, "those in power must accept constraints."
"The flickers of progress that we have seen must not be extinguished," Obama said in the address televised to the nation.
Rhodes said the president was moved by the throngs of people who
lined the streets to greet him. The president made one unscheduled stop,
at the Shwedagon Pagoda. After seeing the pagoda as Air Force One
approached Yangon, then seeing the outpouring of support from people who
worship the site, Obama personally decided to make the unscheduled
stop, Rhodes said.
As Obama arrived in Cambodia, he was dogged by concerns from human
rights groups that have cast Hun Sen as a violent authoritarian and
voiced apprehension that Obama's visit will be perceived inside Cambodia
as validation of the prime minister's regime.
Still, many Cambodians credit Hun Sen with helping the country emerge
from the horrors of the 1970s Khmer Rouge reign, when systematic
genocide by the communist regime left 1.7 million dead. Vietnam invaded
and ousted that regime in 1979. By 1985, Hun Sen had become prime
minister.
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Kuhnhenn reported from Yangon, Myanmar.
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